The history of the automobile is
closely related to the diffusion of the steam engine and the attempts of some
to adapt this new finding to a means of transport, as tried by Nicolas Cugnot
in 1769, who built a three-wheeler, driven by steam that came from a kettle
attached to the front.
This rudimentary apparatus reached speeds of up to 14.5
km / h, but it was almost impossible to handle.
There were many attempts to
create a functional automotive based on steam, but only until the appearance of
the internal combustion engine was possible.
The one who began to adapt this
propulsion energy to a car was a French engineer named Étienne Lenoir, patented
in 1860 a motor that moved by burning gas inside a cylinder, with this he
proved very successfully a vehicle capable of traveling through the forests of
Vicennes.
In the year 1886 can be
considered as the origin of the modern car, this was started when Karl Benz, a
German, presented in public his vehicle propelled with a mono-cylindrical gas
engine, the vehicle was patented in the Imperial Patent Office of Berlin, under
number 37435, the date of the event was on January 29, 1886.
However, it is
worth remembering that, in the summer of the same year, Wilhelm Maybach and
Gottlieb Daimler, Germans, made an engine similar to that of Benz that worked
on a tricycle successfully.
The first cars that were
manufactured were manufactured by Benz and Daimler, they successfully glimpsed
a new form of transport, but their production was far from advancing the
artisan level, for this fact the intervention of the US in the automobile race
was fundamental, starting with Ramson Eli Olds who made Detroit the capital of
the automobile with the production of the Oldsmobile series and then the
quantum leap was starred by Henry Ford, on August 12, 1908 he finished the
assembly of his assembly line to elaborate massively its model T, this
revolutionized the automobile industry, driving it towards popularization.
The following years the car
became massive, the industry experimented a great move in search of perfecting
the vehicle, some of the contributions are the invention of the air tire
(Dunlop 1888), the catalytic converter is used to reduce pollution (1979).
The
implementation of the fender to the body of the car (1930) incorporates substantial
improvements in safety, such as the use of the airbag (1990) and the
front-wheel drive was introduced (Citroën 1934).
Stages of the Automobile
Veteran Stage: It was in the US and France where it had begun to
increase the production of automobiles, in the 1900. It was the period in which
the first companies dedicated to producing cars Panhard et Levassor, Ford and
Peugeot.
Stage Eduardiana (or of brass): in this period the design and the
confection of the vehicles still was inspired by the classic cars of horses and
the brass began to be used for the bodies.
Stage of era: it is the stage that includes from the term of the
First World War to the Depression of 1929. The main models were the Austin 7,
the Cadillac V-16 and the Ford A.
Pre-War Stage: from 1929 to 1949. It was the stage in which the
closed cars with the rounder design were made, including the Citröen Traction
Avant and the Ford V-8.
Stage Post War: It covers from the Second World War (1948) to the
modern stage. In this period safer, faster and more optimally functioning cars
are manufactured (Ferrari 250 GTO, Morris Minor, Ford Mustang, Citroen Ds,
Chevrolet Impala, etc.).
Modern Stage: Stage characterized by models of cars with safer,
more efficient engines that generate less pollution (Peugeot 205, Toyota
Corolla, Jeep Grand Cherokee, Ford Taurus, etc.).
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